{"id":472,"date":"2017-09-26T15:29:08","date_gmt":"2017-09-26T08:29:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sieuthidenledvn.com\/?p=472"},"modified":"2017-09-26T15:30:26","modified_gmt":"2017-09-26T08:30:26","slug":"thuc-chat-edison-khong-phai-la-nguoi-duy-nhat-phat-minh-ra-bong-den","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/?p=472","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t Edison kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Thomas Edison th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y.<\/strong>\u00a0Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi pin \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n n\u00f3ng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Edison \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Edison \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879. N\u0103m 1800, nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dd Alessandro Volta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb \u0111\u0129a xen k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, xen k\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp gi\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng ng\u00e2m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i, c\u1ecdc d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n khi d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a pin hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay, d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Volta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1edbp.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u sau khi Volta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho Royal Society \u1edf London, Humphry Davy – m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Anh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n voltaic v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c than c\u1ee7i. Ph\u00e1t minh 1802 c\u1ee7a Davy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho v\u00f2ng cung s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra gi\u1eefa hai thanh carbon c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang c\u1ee7a Davy ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Volta, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e8n th\u00f4 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y nhanh v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3 quang c\u1ee7a Davy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800 trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y nano cu\u1ed9n platin.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1840, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Warren de la Rue ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y nano cu\u1ed9n platin thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng chi ph\u00ed platin cao khi\u1ebfn cho lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1848, William Staite c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8n h\u1ed3 quang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh carbon \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a pin d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a Staite \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Joseph Swan vs Thomas Edison<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1850, nh\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Joseph Swan \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1860, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c carbon h\u00f3a thay cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i platin. Theo h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Smithsonian, Swan nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1i Anh Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1878, v\u00e0 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1879 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf Newcastle, Anh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Swan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi oxy, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may cho Swan, nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y b\u01a1m ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng trong ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a anh ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a anh ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 quan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edison nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Swan l\u00e0\u00a0d\u00e2y t\u00f3c<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y t\u00f3c m\u1ecfng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 s\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1879. Swan k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf Anh. Edison \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Swan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, v\u00e0 hai nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Edison-Swan United, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Edison v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Swan kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 duy nh\u1ea5t Edison. N\u0103m 1874, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh ng\u01b0\u1eddi Canada,\u00a0Henry Woodward v\u00e0 Matthew Evans<\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thanh carbon kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed9t chai th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u1ea7y nit\u01a1. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho Edison v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1879.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n Edison \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty\u00a0Edison Electric Illuminating<\/strong>\u1edf New York v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1880. C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb JP Morgan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf. Tr\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1882 tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1 Pearl \u1edf khu Manhattan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 William Sawyer v\u00e0 Albon Man, \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ty c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi Edison v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ty \u0110i\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Edison, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n r\u1ebb ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Edison v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Edison \u1edf Menlo Park, New Jersey, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n 3.000 m\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n gi\u1eefa 1878 v\u00e0 1880. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1879, Edison \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t\u00a0chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i carbon<\/strong>. B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c, bao g\u1ed3m b\u00f4ng, v\u1ea3i lanh v\u00e0 g\u1ed7. Edison \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 n\u0103m k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m tra h\u01a1n 6.000 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ch\u00e1y l\u00e2u nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf n\u0103m 1879, Edison v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb carbon c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y h\u01a1n 1.200 gi\u1edd. Tre \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c trong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a Edison cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1880 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1882, Lewis Howard Latimer, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Edison, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c. V\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1903, Willis R. Whitney \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p xs\u1eed l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ch\u00e1y s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111en ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n th\u1ee7y tinh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n

S\u1ee3i Vonfram\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Vonfram c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

William David Coolidge, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi General Electric, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ee3i vonfram c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1910. Vonfram c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Edison bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u00f3c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra d\u00e2y vonfram ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Vonfram v\u1eabn l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong d\u00e2y t\u00f3c s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e8n LED<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e8n LED ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i chi tr\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nick Holonyak, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1i General Electric, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t minh ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng LED \u0111\u1ecf trong khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc laser v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh kh\u00e1c, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ph\u00e1t quang r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1900, nh\u01b0ng Holonyak l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e8n LED ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a DOE, trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e8n LED m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n giao th\u00f4ng. LED xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 b\u1edfi Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano v\u00e0 Shuji Nakamura, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3i Nobel V\u1eadt l\u00fd n\u0103m 2014. LED xanh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o ra b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n LED tr\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ed1t v\u1edbi photpho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang compact ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1t n\u00f3ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n LED.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ty chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y xa gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Phillips v\u00e0 Stack. Phillips l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00f4ng qua \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh. Phillips Hue s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 LED c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c t\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c m\u1edd \u0111i b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t app tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n hu\u1ef3nh quang cao c\u1ea5p th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau (kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u tri\u1ec7u m\u00e0u) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, phim \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

Stack, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1eeb Tesla v\u00e0 NASA, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n th\u00f4ng minh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 LED v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f2 ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng xung quanh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, n\u00f3 t\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1eadt c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng theo th\u1eddi gian. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c theo d\u00f5i t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u00f4ng minh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Amazon Alexa, GoogleHome v\u00e0 HomeKit c\u1ee7a Apple.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Thomas Edison th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh n\u1ed5i … \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam » “Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t Edison kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t minh ra b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n?”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/472"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=472"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":479,"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/472\/revisions\/479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/c326-denled.com-vn.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}